Insurgency hinders Somalia's attempts to rebuild security

by Duncan Woodside

Since the early 1990s, Somalia has been more readily assigned the status of a ‘failed state’ than perhaps any other country. Central government authority ended with the collapse of Siad Barre’s 22-year regime in 1991, ushering in an extended period during which viable, nationwide security institutions were absent. Clan warfare dominated into the early 2000s, alongside more than a dozen failed attempts to form a government, including by exiled leaders in Djibouti and Kenya.

The Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) very briefly established a degree of centralised authority in mid-2006, when its militias seized the capital Mogadishu along with swathes of southern Somalia from warlords after a particularly intense spell of fighting, but a US-backed Ethiopian intervention later the same year to dislodge the UIC propelled a descent into even greater turmoil.

The deep domestic unpopularity of the initial Ethiopian intervention furthered the rise of Harakat-al-Shabaab-al-Mujahideen, an extremist offshoot of the UIC. Al-Shabaab capitalised on an Ethiopian withdrawal in early 2009 to extend its control and exert authority over much of the country, while Somali waters became vulnerable to extensive piracy.

Banners of Somalian President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, widely known as Farmaajo, overlook a crossroads in Mogadishu, Somalia, on 3 August 2020. The violence and instability that started with Somalia’s civil war in 1991 continue to characterise the country’s efforts to reform politically and in its security response to insurgency. (Lokman Ilhan/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)


Get the full article by
Already a Janes subscriber? Keep reading


Netherlands, Poland approved for AARGM-ER SEAD/DEAD missiles

by Gareth Jennings

An AARGM-ER seen being test fitted into the internal weapons bay of an F-35 combat aircraft. The US has approved the sale of the missile to both the Netherlands and Poland. (Northrop Grumman)

The US government has approved the sale of the Northrop Grumman AGM-88G Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile – Extended Range (AARGM-ER) to the Netherlands and Poland.

Announced by the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) on 24 April, the approvals cover 265 of the suppression of enemy air defences/destruction of enemy air defences (SEAD/DEAD) missiles for the Netherlands for approximately USD700 million, and 360 missiles for Poland for approximately USD1.275 billion. Both approvals cover related equipment, training, and support.

“The proposed sale will improve the Netherlands'/Poland's capability to meet current and future threats by strengthening its self-defence capabilities to suppress and destroy land- or sea-based radar emitters associated with enemy air defences. This capability denies the adversary the use of its air-defence systems, thereby improving the survivability of the Netherlands'/Poland's tactical aircraft,” the DSCA said of both approvals.


Get the full article by
Already a Janes subscriber? Keep reading


Brazilian Army seeks 12 UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters

by Victor Barreira

A Brazilian Air Force UH-60L Black Hawk. The Brazilian Army is set to replace its HM-2 Black Hawk fleet with newer examples. (Leandro Maldonado)

The Brazilian Army is to acquire 12 Sikorsky UH-60M Black Hawk utility helicopters to replace its eight HM-3 Cougar and four HM-2 Black Hawk helicopters, said Army Commander General Tomás Miguel Miné Ribeiro Paiva during a 17 April presentation to the Brazilian Committee on Foreign Relations and National Defense.

Gen Tomás noted that the fleet is to be purchased through the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programme and entails purchasing surplus helicopters, which will be refurbished before transfer to the Brazilian Army Aviation Command (CAvEx).

The acquisition is being carried out as part of the Army Strategic Program Army Aviation (Prg EE Av Ex). The phasing out of the Cougar and Black Hawk helicopters was approved in December 2023.

The HM-3 is fielded by the 2nd Army Aviation Battalion and the 3rd Army Aviation Battalion, and the HM-2 is deployed by the 4th Army Aviation Battalion.


Get the full article by
Already a Janes subscriber? Keep reading


Initial flight trials demonstrate Excalibur FTA ‘fit for purpose‘, says Leonardo

by Gareth Jennings

Seen after being delivered to 2Excel's facility in Lasham, Hampshire, in 2023, the 757 airframe that is to be converted into the Excalibur FTA made its first flight from MoD Boscombe Down. (Leonardo)

Initial flight trials of the 757 airframe that is to be converted to the Excalibur Flight Test Aircraft (FTA) project to de-risk the Tempest future fighter have shown it to be “fit for purpose”, an official from Leonardo told Janes .

Speaking at a UK industry showcase event for the future combat air power, including the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) of which the Tempest demonstrator is a part, Dave Morris, head of campaigns Future Combat Air – GCAP at Leonardo, said the first round of flight trials out of Ministry of Defence (MoD) Boscombe Down in southern England had gone well and that there should be no issues ahead of fitting aircraft with its Tempest mission equipment.


Get the full article by
Already a Janes subscriber? Keep reading


https://www.janes.com/defence-news/terror-insurgent-group/latest/insurgency-hinders-somalias-attempts-to-rebuild-security

Since the early 1990s, Somalia has been more readily assigned the status of a ‘failed state’ than pe...

Latest Podcasts

Iran Israel analysis

In this podcast Janes analysts discuss the Iranian attacks on Israel on the 14 April. They highlight the military systems used by Iran and the performance and impact of these on Israel. They also discuss the implications of this attack goi...

Listen now

A focus on Libya

China Taiwan relations

AI applications for OSINT in defence

Tracking the situation in Israel-Gaza using OSINT

Janes Case Studies

Using Janes Intara to build a common intelligence picture: Russian build up on the Ukrainian border

View Case Study

Assessing threats in the South China Sea 

A competitive assessment of the military aircraft market

Identifying an unknown aircraft

Case study: Using Interconnected Intelligence to Monitor Russian Troop Movement

News Categories

Request Consultation

Request a free consultation to discover how Janes can provide you with assured, interconnected open-source intelligence.

Security Details