Non-Subscriber Extract
Jane's Sentinel examines the forces in the region
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| 13 October 2000 |
Jane's World Armies
06
WORLD ARMIES, ISRAEL
Armed Forces
Overview
Army
Strength 136,000; 3,600 × MBTs in service; 400 × recce vehicles; probably
9,000 × APCs available; over 1,000 SP guns and 53 attack helicopters.
Navy
Strength 8,000e; 3 × submarines; 3 × corvettes; 18 × missile craft.
Air Force
Strength 32,000; probably about 500 × combat aircraft and 120 × attack
helicopters.
Defence Budget
In August 1998, Israel's former Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu and
former Minister of Defence, Itzhak Mordechai, agreed to increase Israel
Defence Forces' (IDF) funding by NIS5 billion (US$1.35 billion) over five
years, beginning in 1999.
The decision marks a major change in priorities, after over 10 years of defence cuts. According to the defence ministry plans, NIS10 billion will be required for its five-year modernisation plan. Israel recently began a process to convert foreign aid into military support, allowing it to buy more US systems with US finance. The additional funding will be directed mainly to local procurement.
Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment - Eastern Mediterranean - 09
|
|
Armed Forces Strength |
Armo-ured Vehi-cles |
Combat Aircraft |
Major Naval
Vess- |
Balli-stic
|
|
Cyprus - ROC |
12,500 |
762 |
None |
None |
None |
|
Cyprus - TRNC |
4,500 |
None |
None |
None |
None |
|
Gaza/ West Bank |
40,000(1) |
45 |
None |
None |
None |
|
Greece |
166,100 |
4,317 |
342 |
47 |
None |
|
Israel |
177,500 |
9,548+ |
583 |
18 |
360+ |
|
Jordan |
94,650 |
2,069+ |
85 |
None |
None |
|
Lebanon |
64,965 |
1,200+ |
None |
None |
None |
|
Syria |
425,000 |
5,810+ |
511 |
18 |
300+ |
|
Turkey |
516,600 |
8,650+ |
519 |
55 |
72(2) |
|
Notes: |
|||||
ARMED FORCES, ISRAEL
4.10.1 ARMED
FORCES SUMMARY
TOTAL STRENGTH
177,500 (Estimated)
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
|
Arrow 2 |
Anti-Missile Defence System |
3 batteries ordered |
1 |
|
|
Jericho-1 (YA-1) |
Ballistic missile (max range 500km, payload 500kg) |
150(¹) |
150(¹) |
|
|
Jericho-2 (YA-2) |
Ballistic missile
(max range 1,500km+, payload |
50(¹) |
50(¹) |
|
|
Jericho-3 (reported) |
Ballistic missile (max range 1,500km+, payload n/a) |
n/a |
n/a |
|
|
Shavit |
Booster for
satellite launch - (SLV) experts believe it could be converted for
military use |
|
|
|
|
MGM-55C (Lance) |
Ballistic missile (max range 130km, payload 450kg) |
160(12 launchers) |
160 |
|
|
Note: 1. Estimated. |
||||
SECURITY AND FOREIGN
FORCES, Gaza and the West Bank
Jane's Sentinel
Security Assessment - EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN -
UPDATE 8
SECURITY AND FOREIGN FORCES
2.11.1 POLICE
TOTAL STRENGTH
40,000 (Estimated)
2.11.4 Organization
The Palestinian Police
Force (PPF), set up under the Cairo Agreement of May 1994, had six branches
under the terms of the agreement. The number of branches has inceased
since then. Of the six original branches, four had a security/intelligence
role and are answerable directly to Yasser Arafat - Public Security, Preventative
Security, General Intelligence and Presidential Security. The other two
branches were the Civil Police and Emergency Service and Rescue. Provision
was also made for a Coast Guard.
The PPF went on to establish a number of branches that are not officially
recognised either by the Cairo Agreement or Oslo II. These include Military
Intelligence and the latter's subordinate body, the Military Police; the
Special Security Force which is particularly close to Yasser Arafat and
reports directly to him; the Aerial Police, and the County Guard. A Customs
and Excise Police Force, and a University Security Service were also established.
The PPF, also known formally as the Palestinian Directorate of Police
Force, or simply the Palestinian Police Force, is also referred to as
the General Security Service (GSS). In theory, the GSS is the umbrella
body responsible for the organisation of the Palestinian police and for
coordinating the work of the different branches. In practice, some of
branches, especially those with an intelligence role, seem to have a semi-autonomous
status, answerable more to Yasser Arafat than to the GSS bureaucracy.
The GSS has nine administrative departments, including logistics, training,
communication, finance and political guidance. Presidential Security and
the Special Security Force, which are under the tight personal control
of Yasser Arafat, are sometimes referred to as the Palestinian Security
Services (PSS).
The supreme commander of the PPF is Yasser Arafat. The PA's Ministry of
Interior has responsibility for the PPF. The director general of the PPF
is General Nasser Yussef, and under his command are two regional commanders,
one in charge of the police forces in Gaza and the other in charge of
the West Bank. As the headquarters in the two regions were being established,
Major General Razak Majadia was appointed to take charge of the Gaza HQ,
while Brigadier General Haj Ismail took control of the West Bank HQ.
According to an agreement reached in September 1995 between the PA and
Israel, the total number of PPF members in all branches in the West Bank
and Gaza would be no more than 30,000, of which up to 12,000 may be deployed
in the West Bank and 18,000 in Gaza. By late 1997, the numbers had reached
at least full strength. Israeli sources claimed that the numbers continued
to be augmented over and above the strength that had been agreed. By late
1999 it was estimated that there was a strength of up to 40,000.
WORLD ARMIES, JORDAN
Jane's World Armies
06
Armed
Forces Overview
Army
Strength 86,000; 835 × MBTs; 189 × recce vehicles; 35 × AIFV; 1,100 ×
APCs; probably 220 × SP arty guns.
Navy
Strength - approximately 500 with 3 × patrol craft.
Air Force
Strength - approximately 13,000 (including 3,000 air defence troops) with
about 90 combat aircraft and 24 armed helicopters.
Defence Budget
The armed forces have suffered severely from budgetary cutbacks since
the late 1980s and much of their equipment is now antiquated. The Jordanian
economy has been in trouble for the last decade but the situation deteriorated
in August 1990, when the kingdom refused to join the USA-led coalition
against Saddam Hussein after he invaded Kuwait. Saudi Arabia and the other
Gulf Co-operation Council states cut off US$1.2 billion a year in aid,
a pillar of the Jordanian economy. The Saudis also cut off oil supplies.
Another key source of revenue for the resource-poor kingdom was also lost because of the Gulf crisis: billions of dollars a year in remittances from hundreds of thousands of Jordanians and Palestinians, who had also supported Saddam Hussein. They either fled to Kuwait or were expelled by other Gulf states. In all, Jordan estimates it lost US$1.5 billion a year in revenue.
The defence budget fell from US$548 million in 1998, to US$496 million in 1999, and across-the-board spending cutbacks have prevented any serious acquisitions in the open market. In 1989, Jordan was forced to abandon a programme to create integrated air defence brigades and plans for upgrading its armoured forces were also stalled, although some work was carried out on its 275 Khalid (Chieftain) MBTs. Its armoured forces are still in a parlous state, with as much as one-third of its MBTs in storage or inactive.
However, there has been a recent improvement in the economic situation and the defence expenditure figure will probably rise steadily as the economy strengthens and could top US$600 million in the early years of the new decade. Probably 70 per cent plus of defence expenditure is devoted to the army.
|
During 1998, USA FMA (Foreign Military Assistance) totalled US$32 million. UPDATED |
ARMY,
Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment - EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN - UPDATE 9
5.11.1 ARMY SUMMARY
|
STRENGTH |
|
INFANTRY |
|
ARMOUR |
|
ARTILLERY |
|
Type |
Role |
Quan-tity |
In Service |
|
Challenger 1 (Al-Hussein) |
Main Battle Tank |
288 (in delivery) |
14 |
|
BTR-94 |
Armoured Personnel Carrier |
50 |
50 |
|
M60A1/A3 |
Main Battle Tank |
350 |
350 |
|
M47, M48A5 |
Main Battle Tank |
300 |
None |
|
Chieftain (Khalid) |
Main Battle Tank |
365 |
275 |
|
Centurion (Tariq) |
Main Battle Tank |
290 |
290 |
|
Scorpion |
Light Tank |
19 |
19 |
|
Ferret |
Reconnaissance Vehicle |
150 |
n/a |
|
Saracen/Saladin |
APC/ Reconnaissance Vehicle |
60 |
None |
|
BMP-2 |
Infantry Fighting Vehicle |
35 |
35 |
|
M113 |
Armoured Personnel Carrier |
1,100 |
1,100 |
|
Note: In addition
to the equipment outlined in the table, Jordan also has a sizeable
holding of armoured recovery vehicles. |
|||
5.11.13 Inventory:
Artillery
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
105 mm M102 |
Towed Howitzer |
50 |
50 |
|
155 mm M114 |
Towed Howitzer |
30 |
30 |
|
155 mm M59/M1 |
Towed Howitzer |
10 |
10 |
|
203 mm M115 |
Towed Field Gun |
25 |
none |
|
105 mm M52 |
Self-Propelled Howitzer |
30 |
30 |
|
155 mm M44 |
Self-Propelled Howitzer |
20 |
20 |
|
155 mm M109A1/A2 |
Self-Propelled Howitzer |
220 |
220 |
|
203 mm M110 |
Self-Propelled Howitzer |
148 |
148 |
|
120 mm Brandt |
Mortar |
300 |
300 |
|
107 mm M30 |
Mortar |
50 |
50 |
|
81 mm |
Mortar(¹) |
450 |
450 |
|
Note: 1. About 125 of the 81mm mortars are self-propelled. The army also has the AN/TPQ-36/37 artillery/mortar locating system. Jordan has built up its artillery strength over the years and has a formidable holding of self-propelled weapons. |
|||
5.11.14 Inventory:
Anti-Tank Weapons
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
BGM-71A TOW/BGM-71C Improved TOW |
Anti-Tank Missile Launcher |
330 |
330 |
|
M-47 Dragon |
Anti-Tank Missile Launcher |
310 |
310 |
|
112 mm APILAS |
Rocket Launcher |
2,300 |
2,300 |
|
94 mm LAW80 |
Rocket Launcher |
2,500 |
2,500 |
|
106 mm M40A1 |
Recoilless Rifle |
330 |
330 |
|
Note: As the figures show, Jordan has a considerable anti-tank capability. |
|||
5.11.15 Inventory:
Air Defence Weapons
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
MIM-23B Improved HAWK |
Long-Range SAM |
80 |
80 |
|
Antey 9K33 (SA-8) |
Missile Launcher Vehicle |
50 |
50 |
|
9K35 Strela 10 (SA-13) |
Missile Launcher Vehicle |
50 |
50 |
|
FIM-43A Redeye |
Manportable SAM |
250 |
250 |
|
Strela-3 (SA-14) |
Manportable SAM |
300 |
300 |
|
Strela-2 (SA-7) |
Manportable SAM |
n/a |
n/a |
|
Igla-1 (SA-16) |
Manportable SAM |
240 |
240 |
|
Twin-barrel 40 mm M-42 Duster GMC |
Self-Propelled AAG |
218 |
218 |
|
23 mm ZSU-23.4 Shilka |
Self-Propelled AAG |
45 |
45 |
|
20 mm M-163 Vulcan |
Self-Propelled AAG |
100 |
100 |
|
Note: The army operates the following air defence radars: AN/TPS-43, AN/TPSA-63 and S-711. Jordan's air defence weapons are a mixture of Western and Soviet equipment. |
|||
5.11.16 Inventory:
Infantry Weapons
|
Type |
Role |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum FN Mle. 35GP |
Pistol |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum Glock P80 |
Pistol |
|
11.43 × 23 mm .45 M1911A1 |
Pistol |
|
No 2 Mk-1 .38 Enfield |
Revolver |
|
9 × 29 mm .38 Smith & Wesson |
Revolver |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum MP5K |
Sub-Machine Gun |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum L34A1 |
Sub-Machine Gun |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum Sten |
Sub-Machine Gun |
|
7.62 mm FN FAL |
Assault Rifle |
|
7.62 mm AK-47 |
Assault Rifle |
|
7.62 mm G3 |
Assault Rifle |
|
7.62 mm M16A1/A2 |
Assault Rifle |
|
7.62 mm FN MAG |
General-Purpose Machine Gun |
|
7.62 mm M60D |
General-Purpose Machine Gun |
|
7.62 mm (0.3 in) Browning M1919 |
Heavy Machine Gun |
|
12.7 mm (0.5 in) Browning M2 |
Heavy Machine Gun |
WORLD ARMIES, SYRIA
Jane's World Armies
08
Armed
Forces Overview
Army
Strength: 220,000e; 4,500 MBT; 950 × recce vehicles; 2,380 × AIFVs; 1,400
× APCs and 450 × self propelled artillery guns.
Navy
Strength: 6,000e; 3 × submarine (2 possibly non-operational) 2 × frigates
and about 20 patrol craft.
Air Force
Strength: 40,000e; 550e × combat aircraft; 91 × attack helicopters.
Defence Budget
Defence spending accounts for an estimated 7 per cent of the 1998 Syrian
budget, which was approved by the rubber-stamp People's Assembly in late
April 1998. The Damascus government published few details of the budget
and nothing on politically sensitive defence allocations.
The 1999 defence budget has been set at US$2.9 billion, clearly a figure that is totally insufficient to fund armed forces of this size and complexity. At the very best a figure of US$275 million could be allocated to army procurement expenditure from this figure.
Former Chief of Staff
Lieutenant-General Hikmat Shihabi said in 1998 that Syria intends to continue
modernising its force in line with neighbouring countries.
ARMY,
Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment - EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN - UPDATE
7
ARMY
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
T-72/T-72M |
Main Battle Tank |
1,500(¹) |
1,500(¹) |
|
T-62 |
Main Battle Tank |
1,000 |
1,000 |
|
T-54/T-55 |
Main Battle Tank |
2,250(²) |
n/a |
|
BRDM-2 |
Reconnaissance Vehicle |
950 |
950 |
|
BMP-2 |
Infantry Fighting Vehicle |
60 |
60 |
|
BMP-1 |
Infantry Fighting Vehicle |
2,300 |
2,300 |
|
BTR-152 |
Armoured Personnel Carrier |
560 |
n/a |
|
BTR-40/50/60 |
Armoured Personnel Carrier |
1,000 |
n/a |
|
Notes: |
|||
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|||||
|
152 mm M-1972 (2S3) |
Self-Propelled Howitzer |
50 |
50 |
|||||
|
122 mm 2S1 |
Self-Propelled Howitzer |
400 |
400 |
|||||
|
122 mm D-30 |
Self-Propelled Gun(¹) |
36 |
36 |
|||||
|
180 mm S23 |
Gun (Towed) |
10 |
10 |
|||||
|
152 mm M-1937 |
Gun (Towed) |
50 |
50 |
|||||
|
130 mm M-46 |
Gun (Towed) |
750 |
750 |
|||||
|
122 mm D-30 |
Howitzer (Towed) |
480 |
480 |
|||||
|
122 mm M1938 |
Howitzer (Towed) |
150 |
150 |
|||||
|
122 mm M1931/1937 |
Howitzer (Towed) |
100 |
n/a |
|||||
|
122 mm BM-21 |
Multiple Rocket System |
300(²) |
300(²) |
|||||
|
107 mm Type 63 |
Multiple Rocket System |
200(²) |
200(²) |
|||||
|
240 mm M240 |
Heavy Mortar |
10(²) |
10(²) |
|||||
|
160 mm M160 |
Heavy Mortar |
100 |
100 |
|||||
|
120 mm M1943 |
Heavy Mortar |
400 |
400 |
|||||
|
82 mm |
Mortar |
200(²) |
200(²) |
|||||
|
Notes: |
||||||||
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
MILAN |
Anti-Tank Guided Missile |
200 |
200 |
|
AT-3 `Sagger' |
Anti-Tank Guided Missile |
3,000 |
3,000 |
|
AT-4 `Spigot' |
Anti-Tank Guided Missile |
150 |
150 |
|
AT-5 `Spandrel' |
Anti-Tank Guided Missile |
40 |
40 |
|
AT -14 `Kornet' |
Anti-Tank Guided Missile |
1,000 |
1,000(1) |
|
Note: 1 It was
reported in June 1998 that Russia had sold Syria 1,000 AT-14 `Kornet'
anti-tank guided missiles. There was some concern in Israel about
the reports. While Israel's Merkava MBT was designed to defeat the
threat of such missiles, there was concern that the AT-14 could
be effective against fortified positions or medium protected vehicles
in areas such as southern Lebanon or the Golan Heights. |
|||
|
Type |
Role |
Quantity |
In Service |
|
Strela-2 (SA-7) |
Manportable SAM |
4,000 |
4,000 |
|
Strela-3 (SA-14) |
Manportable SAM |
n/a |
n/a |
|
Igla-1 (SA-16) |
Manportable SAM |
n/a |
n/a |
|
2K12 Kub/9K33 (SA-6/SA-8) |
Low Altitude SAM |
70(¹) |
70(¹) |
|
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9) |
Low Altitude SAM |
20 |
20 |
|
9K35 Strela 10 (SA-13) |
Low Altitude SAM |
35 |
35 |
|
100 mm KS-19 |
Anti-Aircraft Gun |
25 |
25 |
|
57 mm S-60 |
Anti-Aircraft Gun |
700(¹) |
700(¹) |
|
57 mm ZSU-57-2 SP |
Self-Propelled AAG |
10 |
10 |
|
37 mm M1939 |
Anti-Aircraft Gun |
300 |
n/a |
|
23 mm ZSU-23-4 SP |
Self-Propelled AAG |
400 |
400 |
|
23 mm ZU-23-2 |
Light Anti-Aircraft Gun (Towed) |
650 |
650 |
|
Note: 1. Estimated. The army has more than 2,000 air defence guns and more than 4,100 surface-to-air missiles. In this as in other areas, the army is heavily dependent on Soviet-designed weapons. The Air Defence Command, which operates under the command of the air force, operates longer-range surface-to-air missiles such as the Almaz Volga-M (SA-2), S-125 Neva (SA-3) and Antey S-200 (SA-5). |
|||
|
Type |
Role |
|
7.62 × 25 mm TT33 Tokarev |
Pistol |
|
7.65 mm MAS-1935S |
Pistol |
|
7.65 mm SACM-1935A |
Pistol |
|
9 × 18 mm Makarov |
Pistol |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum (FN Mle. 35 GP) |
Pistol |
|
Enfield No 2 Mk 1 .38 |
Revolver |
|
Webley No 1 Mk VI .455 |
Revolver |
|
Webley Mk IV .38 |
Revolver |
|
9 × 29 mm (.38 Smith and Wesson) |
Revolver |
|
7.62 × 51 mm Steyr SSG |
Sniper Rifle |
|
7.62 × 39 mm AK-47 |
Assault Rifle |
|
7.62 × 39 mm AKM |
Assault Rifle |
|
7.62 × 51 mm FN FAL |
Assault Rifle |
|
9 × 19 mm Parabellum vz.23 and vz.25 |
Sub-Machine Gun |
|
7.62 mm PPS-43 Tokarev |
Sub-Machine Gun |
|
7.62 mm PPSh-41 Tokarev |
Sub-Machine Gun |
|
7.62 × 39 mm RPK |
Light Machine Gun |
|
7.62 × 54 mm, |
General-Purpose Machine Gun |
|
PK series 7.62 × 54 mm SGM Vehicle MGs |
Machine Gun |
|
7.62 × 54 mm DT vehicle MGs |
Machine Gun |
|
12.7 × 108 mm DShK38/46 |
Heavy Machine Gun |
|
14.5 x 114 mm KPV HMG (ZPU-1, ZPU-2 and ZPU-4) |
Automatic Cannon |
|
23 × 152 mm: ZU-23 |
Automatic Cannon |
|
Note: Soviet-designed weapons predominate in the small arms inventory. |
|
REGIONAL OVERVIEW,
|
Country |
Armoured Vehicles |
Combat Aircraft |
Combat Vessels |
Defence Expenditure |
